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Svoj na svome

January 19th, 2011 No comments

Posle x godina održavanja, ne znam više ni sam koliko tuđih servera po net-u, celoj toj armadi dodah i svoj server. Eto, od sad imam i svoj lični server na dedicated linku. U pitanju je obična žuta kanta, ništa specijalno, ali pretpostavljam dovoljno za sve moje trenutne potrebe, a pretpostavljam i potrebe mojih prijatelja kojima treba hosting :) . Samim tim, i moj blog se od sada nalazi na tom serveru. Toliko za sad, ovo više pišem zbog istorijskih razloga (da bih se setio kad sam pustio novi server u rad) nego zbog bilo čega drugog.

Categories: Lično Tags: , ,

ext3

October 23rd, 2010 Comments off

EXT3 fajl sistem po default-u uzima 5% rezervisanog prostora, što je za današnje sisteme malo mnogo, naročito kad su u pitanju Tb podataka. Ako ne želite da izgubite 33 Gb na recimo 500Gb sa default ex3 fajlsistemom, onda čitaj dalje:

# vgdisplay
 --- Volume group ---
 VG Name               test
 System ID             
 Format                lvm2
 Metadata Areas        1
 Metadata Sequence No  1
 VG Access             read/write
 VG Status             resizable
 MAX LV                0
 Cur LV                0
 Open LV               0
 Max PV                0
 Cur PV                1
 Act PV                1
 VG Size               500.00 GB
 PE Size               16.00 MB
 Total PE              32000
 Alloc PE / Size       0 / 0   
 Free  PE / Size       32000 / 500.00 GB
 VG UUID               4ZKCUa-yLd7-WMSn-OIzA-2XS1-RAvJ-ny1QS5

# lvcreate --size 500G --name test test
 Logical volume "test" created

# mkfs.ext3 /dev/mapper/test-test
mke2fs 1.41.9 (22-Aug-2009)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
32768000 inodes, 131072000 blocks
6553600 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
4000 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
 4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,
 102400000

Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 21 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

# mount /dev/mapper/test-test /test

# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/test-test 493G  198M  467G   1% /test                <<<< WTF?!

# umount /test

# tune2fs -m 0.2 /dev/mapper/test-test
tune2fs 1.41.9 (22-Aug-2009)
Setting reserved blocks percentage to 0.2% (262144 blocks)

# mount /dev/mapper/test-test /test
# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/test-test 493G  198M  491G 1% /test

Naravno, pre bilo kakve akcije, RTFM tune2fs. Lično ne koristim ex3 fs nigde, ali me je tweet o ovoj temi kao i razgovor sa momsab-om kopkao da vidim koliko on zaista jede prostora.

Categories: Linux/BSD, Storage Tags: , ,

Posetioci

October 18th, 2010 Comments off

Neki od zanimljivijih posetioca mog blog-a u poslednje vreme:

*.nmci.navy.mil
*.hqda.pentagon.mil
*.forscom.army.mil
*.lewis.army.mil
*.nga.mil
*.disa.mil
*.iraq.centcom.mil
*.llnl.gov
*.nersc.gov
*.bnl.gov
*.gn.gov.ie
*.gov.za
*.hmgcc.gov.uk
*.larc.nasa.gov
*.gsfc.nasa.gov
*.gov.br
*.gov.hk

Categories: Razno Tags:

Pouka

October 1st, 2010 Comments off

Categories: Razno Tags:

HMC CLI zamena za Java konzolu

August 11th, 2010 No comments

Java konzola na hmc web gui-u ume da smara na različitim browser-ima, pogotovu ukoliko isti koristiti na linux operativnom sistemu. Da se ne bi smarali sa različitim verzijama jave svaki put kad reinstralirate ili updejtujete vašu mašinu, konzolu pored jave i serijskog možete dobiti i preko ssh. p.s. da bi izašli iz konzole otkucajte ~. (sa tačkom).

Evo kako:

stinger@noc:~$ ssh hmc7 -l hscroot
Password: ****************
Last login: Wed Aug 11 08:51:01 2010 from noc.delta

hscroot@hmc570:~> lshmc -V
"version= Version: 7
 Release: 3.3.0
 Service Pack: 0
HMC Build level 20080402.1
","base_version=V7R3.3.0

hscroot@hmc7:~> vtmenu
 ----------------------------------------------------------
  Managed Systems:
 ----------------------------------------------------------
   1) Server-2-SN65xxxxx
   2) Server-1-SN64xxxxx
   3) Server-0-SN63xxxxx
 Enter Number of Managed System.   (q to quit):
 ----------------------------------------------------------
  Partitions On Managed System:  Server-2-SN65xxxxx
  OS/400 Partitions not listed
 ----------------------------------------------------------
   1)    SRV-TEST                             Running
   2)    VIOS1                                Running
   3)    VIOS2                                Running
 Enter Number of Running Partition (q to quit):

Enter Number of Running Partition (q to quit): 1
1
 Opening Virtual Terminal On Partition SRV-TEST . . .
 Open in progress  
 Open Completed.  

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 1 = SMS Menu                          5 = Default Boot List
 8 = Open Firmware Prompt              6 = Stored Boot List

 Memory      Keyboard     Network     SCSI     Speaker
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IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM        PLEASE WAIT...       IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM
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/
Elapsed time since release of system processors: 221583 mins 46 secs

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Welcome to AIX.
 boot image timestamp: 11:07 03/23
 The current time and date: 11:18:27 08/11/2010
 number of processors: 2    size of memory: 1024MB
 boot device: /vdevice/v-scsi@50000005/disk@8800000000000000:2
 kernel size: 15083547; 64 bit kernel
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Saving Base Customize Data to boot disk
Starting the sync daemon
Starting the error daemon
System initialization completed.
Setting tunable parameters...complete
Starting Multi-user Initialization
 Performing auto-varyon of Volume Groups
 Activating all paging spaces
swapon: Paging device /dev/hd6 is already active.

The current volume is: /dev/hd1
Primary superblock is valid.

The current volume is: /dev/hd10opt
Primary superblock is valid.
 Performing all automatic mounts
Multi-user initialization completed
Checking for srcmstr active...complete
Starting tcpip daemons:
0513-059 The syslogd Subsystem has been started. Subsystem PID is 90346.
Finished starting tcpip daemons.
nsmb0 Available
0513-059 The muxatmd Subsystem has been started. Subsystem PID is 217196.

AIX Version 5
Copyright IBM Corporation, 1982, 2008.
Console login:
Categories: AIX, IBM P Serija Tags: , , ,

IBM HMC monitoring

April 29th, 2010 No comments

Kako prikazati informacije o korišćenju resursa na IBM HMC, u realnom vremenu bez priviledge mode-a (hscroot nije priv mod) i iz shella:

hscroot@hmc570:~> monhmc -r disk -n 1
Every 1.0s: MONHmc disk                    Thu Apr 29 11:22:30 2010
Filesystem           1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2             16121184   5622940   9679332  37% /
udev                    517296       160    517136   1% /dev
/dev/sda3              6040320   3323792   2409688  58% /var
/dev/sda7              8056524    134196   7513076   2% /dump
/dev/sda8             38669964    153900  36551720   1% /extra

Ostale opcije ove komande:

Monitor HMC memory, processor, and disk usage. The -s and -r flags are mutually exclusive.

 -s    The type of subsystems to monitor. Options are:
       hmcsvr: HMC server subsystems.
       rmc: RMC subsystems.
 -r    The type of resource to monitor. Options are:
       disk: Disk usage.
       proc: Processor usage.
       mem: System Memory usage.
       swap: Swap space usage.
 -n    The interval in seconds, default is 4.
       If 0 is specfied, the output will be displayed once.
 --help    Prints this help message.

Zgodna komanda koja vam omogućuje da oslobodite prostor na disku je:

hscroot@hmc570:~> chhmcfs --help
Usage: chhmcfs -o f
 -d <days> | -h <hours> | -s <size>
 [-f <file system>]
 [--help]

Frees up space in Hardware Management Console (HMC) file systems by removing
temporary HMC files from the hard disk.

 -o               - the operation to perform:
                    f - free up file system disk space
 -d <days>        - remove files which have not been modified during the
                    specified number of days prior to now
 -h <hours>       - remove files which have not been modified during the
                    specified number of hours prior to now
 -s <size>        - remove files, starting with the oldest file, from each
                    file system to free up to the amount of space specified,
                    in megabytes, in each file system
 -f <file system> - the file system from which to remove files
 --help           - prints this help
Categories: AIX, IBM P Serija Tags: , ,

pSeries – Impending Cache Battery Pack failure

March 18th, 2010 No comments

This is how your pSeries (P5 570) will look like after you get following error notice: “Impending Cache Battery Pack failure.” It is a raid controller battery error. Since it’s located in the middle of the pSeries block, you will end up like we did. Also plan arround 3 to 4h downtime aswell. A bad design by IBM, and lot of “fun” for us. Check out gallery.

Our connected world …

January 12th, 2010 1 comment

Categories: Razno Tags:

Nostalgija

November 11th, 2009 4 comments

Nešto sam u tom raspoloženju ovih dana. To me je i nateralo da napišem ovaj blog. Posmatram okolo kako se neke stvari rade i ne sviđa mi se. Mislim tu pre svega na činjenicu da se danas svako naziva sistem administratorom. Sad svako može da kaže da zna da instalira Linux operativni sistem, i on je odmah sistem admin. To me podseća na davno prošlo vreme kada je ista situacija bila sa Winblows-om i ljudima koji su za sebe govorili da su administratori samo zato što su znali da instaliraju Winblows NT. Tome je naravno mnogo doprinela popularizacija Linux-a, i drastično pojednostavljeni procesi instalacije, manipulacije paketima, daleko većim brojem developer-a koji prave raznorazne GUI-e itd. Lepo je sve to, što neko sada zna da uz nekoliko click-ova instalira Linux operativni sistem, ali to ne znači da je taj neko sada i admin.

Linux/UNIX оperativnim sistemima se bavim nekih 15-tak godina. Vrlo dobro se sećam kada se 1 (jedan) server pripremao po nekoliko dana. Izvlačio se maksimum iz svakog delića mašine i njenih resursa. Svojevremeno smo se utrkivali ko će bolje da optimizuje kernel, da static kernel bude ispod 220kb (da kilobajta), primenjivali su se različiti security patchevi, … Danas, više ni ne znaju koliko megabajta je kernel. Optimizovao se svaki servis koji pruža ta mašina, koristile su se specijalne biblioteke, različite vrste configure opcija, svaki servis bio je chroot-ovan ili jail-ovan, particije su kreirane po svakom servisu, pisani su vrlo kvalitetni firewall-ovi specifični za servise, sistem se bre znao u “prste”, znao sam kako “diše” server. Testirao se svaki servis da bi se izabrao odgovarajući daemon koji će isti vršiti, znalo se da se sendmail odmah menja sa qmail-om, postfix-om … Znalo se da na mašini ne sme biti suid-a, radio se checksum fajlova, primenjivali su se specijalni kontrolni moduli za bolju kontrolu sistema,… Pratile su se mailing liste za svaki servis koji se koristi na sistemu, od developer do user grupa. Drugim rečima iskorišćenje sistema bilo je maksimalno a security je bio na zavidnom nivou, naravno ne savršen ali prokleto dobar. Rezultat? Uptime na serverima po 2-3 godine, nikad haknuti (bar ne da smo znali :) ) ali šta su te 486-ice, prvi Pentium-i, SUN-ovi i SGi-evi gurali tada, kad bi neko pravio poređenje … ehhh, ta nostalgija.

A danas? Danas se jako slabo ceni takva optimizacija, a opet svi viču “virtuelizuj! konsoliduj! optimizuj!”. Po meni je to paradox. Zapošljavaju se tzv. administratori koji su radili par meseci sa linux-0m i koji misle da znaju šta znači postaviti, podesiti, optimizovati i obezbediti neki servis ili server. I onda se poredi ko je uradio više po tome koliki je broj servera ili servisa instaliran i podešen za XYZ vremena. Štancuju se virtuelne mašine, da ne kažem kloniraju, kao tobože se vrši konsolidacija i iskorišćenje resursa, a da ti ljudi ni ne znaju kako to funkcioniše jer svo vreme koriste GUI. Naravno današnji multi core procesori i nikad jeftinija memorija će gurati i žvakati takve by-default instalirane sisteme, ali gde je tu kvalitet? Kad se pomene exploit(i), ovi tzv. admin-i ne znaju ni šta je to, a kamoli kako isti funkcionišu, što se njih tiče, dovoljno je postaviti par linija u hosts.(deny|allow) ili eventualno podići default SLES/RH/CentOS firewall i to je to, što se bezbednosti tiče. Tužno, ali istinito. Moram naravno da se složim sa činjenicom da je sada mnogo jednostavnije koristiti Linux i generalno UNIX, ali to ne znači da svako može sebi da okači titulu linux/unix sistem administratora samo zato što je par puta instalirao isti.

Categories: Lično, Linux/BSD, Razno Tags: , , ,

ibm skraćenice – terminologija

October 22nd, 2009 No comments

IBM je poznat po tome da poseduje svoju terminologiju i skraćenice za iste stvari za koje drugi proizvođači koriste standardne nazive. Ovo je (delimični) spisak tih skraćenica koji ću vremenom proširivati kako mi koja skraćenica “padne pod ruku”. Deo skraćenica nije IBM-ov ali ih isti često koristi pa su i one navedene.

  • AIX – Advanced Interactive Executive (IBM’s implementation of the UNIX Operating System)
  • DASD – Direct Access Storage Device. (IBM’s term for a hard disk)
  • DDM – Disk Drive Module (IBM’s term for a hard disk)
  • RISC – Reduced Instruction Set Computer
  • HMC – Hardware Management Console
  • SPNC – System Power Control Network
  • MCM – Multi Chip Module
  • DCM – Dual Chip Module
  • CEC – Central Electronic Complex
  • CPC – Cluster Processor Complex
  • ASMI – Advanced System Management Interface
  • WebSM – Web based System Manager
  • PPAR – Physical Partition
  • LPAR – Logical Partition
  • LIC – Licensed Internal Code
  • LMB – Logical Memory Block
  • DLPAR – Dynamic Logical Partitioning
  • WPAR – Workload Partition
  • NIM – Network Installation Manager
  • BOS – Base Operating System
  • POST – Power on Self Test
  • SMIT – System Management Interface Tool
  • LPP – Licensed Program Products
  • ODM – Object Data Manager
  • RSPC – PowerPC Reference Platform
  • CHRP – Common Hardware Reference Platform
  • BLV – Boot Logical Volume
  • LVM – Logical Volume Manager
  • VGDA – Volume Group Descriptor Area
  • VGSA – Volume Group Status Area
  • LVCB – Logical Volume Control Block
  • HACMP – High Availability Cluster Multi-Processing
  • MWC – Mirror Write Consistency
  • SRC – System Resource Controller
  • NDAF – Network Data Facillity
  • LMT – Lightweight Memory Trace
  • RTEC – Real Time Error Checking
  • VMM – Virtual Memory Manager
  • IPC – Inter Process Communication
  • PSMD – Page Size Management Daemon
  • MPIO – Multi Path IO
  • PCM – Path Control Module
  • FFDC – First Failure Data Capture
  • HPM – Hardware Performance Monitor
  • PURR – Processor Utilization Resource Register
  • SPURR – Scaled Processor Utilization Resource Register
  • MLS – Multi Level Security (Trusted AIX)
  • APAR – Authorized Program Analysis Report
  • CKD – Count Key Data (zSeries)
  • DFSMS – Data Facility Storage Management System
  • ESCON – Enterprise System Connection
  • EPO – Emergency Power Off
  • FICON – Fibre Channel Connection
  • FC-AL – Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop
  • FRU – Field Replaceable Unit
  • GDPS – Geographically Dispersed Parallel Sysplex
  • HCD – Hardware Configuration Data
  • IML – Initial Microcode Load
  • IPL – Initial Program Load
  • LSS – Logical Sub System
  • MAP – maintenance analysis procedure
  • MLC – Machine Level Control
  • MRPD – Machine Reported Product Data
  • MES – miscellaneous equipment specification
  • MTBF – mean time between failures
  • SDD – Subsystem Multipathing Device Driver
  • VPD – Vital Product Data
  • WWNP – worldwide port name
  • WWNN – worldwide node name